应用新兴技术改进芥子粕中芥子碱的提取工艺

Improvement of Sinapine Extraction from Mustard Seed Meal by Application of Emerging Technologies

Morad Chadni ^1,*,Nadia Boussetta ²,Cédric Guerin ³,Fabien Lagalle ¹,Aya Zoghlami ³,Patrick Perré ³,Florent Allais ¹,Nabil Grimi ²，Irina Ioannou ^1
1URD Agro-Biotechnologie Industrielles, CEBB, AgroParisTech, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, 51110 Pomacle, France
²Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, CEDEX CS 60 319, 60203 Compiègne, France
³CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
 

Abstract
Sinapine is a phenolic compound found in mustard (Brassica juncea) seed meal. It has numerous beneficial properties such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects, making its extraction relevant. In this study, the extraction of sinapine was investigated using three methods: (i) from a mustard seed meal defatted by a supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) pretreatment, (ii) by the implementation of high-voltage electrical discharges (HVEDs), (iii) and by the use of ultrasound. The use of SC-CO2 pretreatment resulted in a dual effect on the valorization of mustard seed meal, acting as a green solvent for oil recovery and increasing the yield of extracted sinapine by 24.4% compared to the control. The combination of ultrasound and SC-CO2 pretreatment further increased the yield of sinapine by 32%. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction, determined through a response surface methodology, are a temperature of 75 °C, 70% ethanol, and 100% ultrasound amplitude, resulting in a sinapine yield of 6.90 ± 0.03 mg/g dry matter. In contrast, the application of HVEDs in the extraction process was not optimized, as it led to the degradation of sinapine even at low-energy inputs.

芥子碱是一种酚类化合物，存在于芥菜籽粕中。它具有许多有益的财产，例如抗肿瘤、神经保护、抗氧化和肝保护作用，因此其提取物具有相关性。在本研究中，使用三种方法研究了芥子碱的提取：（i）从经超临界CO2（SC-CO2）预处理脱脂的芥子粕中提取芥子碱，（ii）通过实施高压放电（HVED），（iii）通过使用超声波。SC-CO2预处理的使用对芥菜籽粕的增值产生了双重影响，作为采油的绿色溶剂，与对照相比，提取芥子碱的产量提高了24.4%。超声波和SC-CO2预处理的组合使芥子碱的产量进一步提高了32%。通过响应面方法确定的超声辅助提取的最佳条件是75°C的温度、70%的乙醇和100%的超声振幅，从而产生6.90±0.03 mg/g干物质的芥子碱产量。相比之下，HVED在提取过程中的应用并没有得到优化，因为即使在低能量输入下，它也会导致芥子碱的降解。

Keywords: high-voltage electrical discharge; ultrasound; supercritical CO2; sinapine extraction; mustard seed meal; phenolic compounds; Brassica juncea

关键词：高压放电；超声波；超临界CO2；芥子碱提取；芥末籽粉；酚类化合物；芥菜

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2.3.2. Supercritical CO2
The use of supercritical CO2 can be considered as a pretreatment but also allows the extraction of lipids from the mustard seed meal. The equipment used was a supercritical fluid extraction system (SFE PROCESS, Nancy, France), supplied with a 1 L extraction tank and two 0.2 L separators in series. Carbon dioxide (99.99% purity) was obtained from Linde PLC (Lyon, France) and used as the extraction solvent. First, 150 g of mustard seed meal were placed in a 1 L sample cartridge. The CO2 flow (downward) was kept constant at 60 g/min during the experiments. Based on the literature data [28,34,35,36], the pressure was kept at 350 bar and the temperature at 40 °C. The oil obtained was weighed and analyzed to determine the profile of the lipids extracted. The defatted mustard seed meal then underwent an extraction according to the protocol described in part 2.2. The sinapine content was measured by UHPLC.

超临界CO2的使用可以被认为是预处理，但也允许从芥末籽粉中提取脂质。所使用的设备是超临界流体萃取系统（SFE PROCESS，Nancy，France），配有1L萃取釜和两个串联的0.2L分馏器。从Linde PLC（(Lyon, France）获得二氧化碳（99.99%纯度）并用作萃取溶剂。首先，将150g芥末籽粉置于1L萃取釜中。在实验期间，CO2流量（向下）保持恒定在60g/min。根据文献数据[28，34，35，36]，压力保持在350bar，温度保持在40°C。对获得的油进行称重和分析，以确定提取的脂质的分布。然后根据第2.2部分中描述的方案对脱脂芥末籽粕进行提取。采用超高效液相色谱法测定芥子碱含量。

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