生长条件和贮藏措施对“Honeycrisp”苹果果实品质和生理障碍的影响

Growing condition and storage regime effects on fruit quality and physiological disorders on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

GALENI, MARCELLA - Washington State University
Mattheis, James
TORRES, CAROLINA - Washington State University

Citation: Galeni, M., Mattheis, J.P., Torres, C. 2021. Growing condition and storage regime effects on fruit quality and physiological disorders on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples [abstract]. American Society of Horticulture Science Meeting. Paper No. 35141.

Technical Abstract: 

Dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) storage can be used as an alternative to store organic apples for extended periods of time. This storage system uses low oxygen (O2) levels and monitors the anaerobic compensation point (ACP). ‘Honeycrisp’ apples from 4 different orchard locations were picked at commercial harvest maturity and placed into controlled atmosphere (CA) storage regimes. Initial ACP was monitored using chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), respiratory quotient (RQ), and ethanol content. Final CA conditions were: CA-CF (3kPa O2/0.5 kPa CO2), CA-RQ (3kPa O2/0.5 kPa CO2), and Initial low oxygen stress (ILOS); 0.5kPa O2/0.5kPa CO2 -10 days, 1.0kPa O2/0.7MPa CO2 thereafter). All treatments included 7 days of preconditioning at 50°F in air. Fruit quality (fruit weight, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), internal ethylene concentration, and respiration rate) and physiological disorders incidence were assessed after 6 and 9 months of storage plus 4 weeks in air. Storage conditions had no impact on flesh firmness, SSC, weight, or TA after 6 and 9 months. However, the respiration rate was only significantly higher after 9 months in CA-CF compared to rest of the treatments. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in firmness, SSC, TA, and respiration rate between orchards locations. The development of soft scald (SS) and soggy breakdown (SB) were significantly different among storage conditions, but no significant bitter pit (BP) differences were found after 6 months of storage. Fruit in CA-CF had 11.3% and 6% of SS and SB, respectively, while ILOS also had 11.3% of SS, but no SB incidence. CA-RQ had 4.3% and 1% of SS and SB, respectively. Whereas no significant differences were found amongst storage conditions after 9 months of storage. In contrast, orchard locations had a significant effect on SS, SB, and BP.

动态控制气调（DCA）贮藏可以作为长期贮藏有机苹果的替代方案。该储存系统使用低氧（O2）水平，并监测厌氧补偿点（ACP）。”来自4个不同果园的Honeycrisp苹果在商业收获成熟期采摘，并置于气调大气（CA）储存制度中。使用叶绿素荧光（CF）、呼吸商（RQ）和乙醇含量监测初始ACP。最终CA条件为：CA-CF（3kPa O2/0.5kPa CO2）、CA-RQ（3kPa O2/0.5kPa二氧化碳）和初始低氧胁迫（ILOS）；0.5kPa O2/0.5kPa CO2-10天，此后1.0kPa O2/0.7MPa CO2）。所有措施包括在50°F的空气中预处理7天。在空气中储存6个月和9个月加4周后，评估果实质量（果实重量、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物浓度（SSC）、可滴定酸度（TA）、内部乙烯浓度和呼吸速率）和生理障碍发生率。储存条件对6个月和9个月后的果肉硬度、SSC、重量或TA没有影响。然而，与其他治疗相比，CA-CF方法9个月后的呼吸率仅显著升高。然而，不同果园位置之间的硬度、SSC、TA和呼吸速率存在显著差异。不同贮藏条件下，软烫伤（SS）和湿击穿（SB）的发生有显著差异，但贮藏6个月后没有发现显著的苦味（BP）差异。CA-CF中的果实分别有11.3%和6%的SS和SB，而ILOS也有11.3%的SS，但没有SB发生率。CA-RQ分别占SS和SB的4.3%和1%。而储存9个月后，储存条件之间没有发现显著差异。相反，果园位置对SS、SB和BP有显著影响。

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