采前实施1-MCP和AVG会影响贮藏在空气和气调中的'Fuji'苹果的水心严重程度和挥发性特征

Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene and 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine affects watercore severity and volatile profiles of ‘Fuji’ apples stored in air and controlled atmospheres
DoSu Park ^a, Yosef Al Shoffe ^a, Burak E. Algul ^{a b}, Philip Engelgau ^c, Randolph M. Beaudry ^c, Christopher ^B. Watkins ^a
aHorticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
^bDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey
^cDepartment of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A22 Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Received 15 December 2023, Revised 5 February 2024, Accepted 6 February 2024, Available online 25 February 2024, Version of Record 25 February 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.112840

Highlights
•Watercore dissipation was slowed by CA and DCA compared to air storage.
与空气贮藏相比，CA和DCA减缓了水心的消散。
•Ethanol and ethyl acetate was not suppressed by storage regimes or PGR treatment.
乙醇和乙酸乙酯未受到贮藏制度或PGR处理的抑制。
•Volatile production was impacted more by delayed CA than DCA.
与DCA动态气调相比，延迟CA对挥发性生产的影响更大。

Abstract
‘Fuji’ apples are susceptible to watercore, a physiological disorder that occurs during maturation and can result in development of browning disorders during storage. In this study, the effects of preharvest application of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on watercore and its subsequent effects on volatile compounds of 'Fuji' apples has been investigated. 1-MCP and AVG were sprayed one week and two weeks before harvest, respectively. Fruit were stored in air, controlled atmosphere (CA), dynamic CA (DCA), delayed CA, and delayed DCA storage at 0.5 °C. Storage durations were 3 and 6 months after the harvest date. The delay before CA or DCA was 30 days in air at 0.5 °C. PGR treatments did not affect watercore incidence but decreased its severity compared with untreated fruit. The internal ethylene concentration (IEC) of PGR-treated fruit remained very low regardless of storage regime, but treatment effects on IEC were detected. 1-MCP-treated fruit were firmer in air and CA compared with the control or AVG-treated fruit. In contrast, DCA and delayed DCA stored fruit did not soften regardless of PGR treatment and delayed treatment did not affect the rate of softening. In air storage, contents of 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, propyl propanoate, propyl butanoate, butyl propanoate, and butyl 2-methylbutanoate was increased in both control and AVG-treated fruit whereas, those were suppressed by 1-MCP. Production of most volatiles was also suppressed by CA and DCA storage regardless of whether the establishment of atmosphere was immediate or delayed. Ethanol and ethyl acetate content was not affected consistently by PGR treatment or storage regime.

‘Fuji’苹果易受水渍影响，水渍是一种在成熟过程中发生的生理障碍，可导致贮藏过程中出现褐变障碍。本研究研究了植物生长调节剂（PGRs）1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）和1-氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸（AVG）在采前对‘Fuji’苹果水溶性的影响及其对挥发性化合物的影响。1-MCP和AVG分别在收获前一周和两周喷洒。果实分别在0.5°C的空气、控制气调（CA）、动态CA、延迟CA和延迟DCA动态气调中贮藏。贮藏时间为收获日期后的3个月和6个月。在0.5°C的空气中，CA或DCA之前的延迟为30天。与未经处理的果实相比，PGR处理不影响水渍的发生率，但降低了水渍的严重程度。无论贮藏条件如何，PGR处理果实的内部乙烯浓度（IEC）都很低，但检测到处理对IEC的影响。与对照或AVG处理的果实相比，1-MCP处理的果实在空气和CA中更结实。相反，无论PGR处理如何，DCA和延迟DCA贮藏的果实都不会软化，延迟处理也不会影响软化率。在空气贮藏中，对照和AVG处理的果实中1-丁醇、1-己醇、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸戊酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯和2-甲基丁酸丁酯的含量均增加，而1-MCP则抑制了这些含量。无论大气的建立是立即的还是延迟的，CA和DCA的储存也抑制了大多数挥发物的产生。乙醇和乙酸乙酯含量不受PGR处理或储存制度的一致影响。

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